Amphibs: Warriors of Land and Sea
by James Wynbrandt | Cover Photograph by Bryan Allen
Long Island-based Charles Luce had a problem. Every day, the master carpenter would commute by car from his home on the eastern tip of Long Island, to jobs in New York City, a trip of roughly two and a half hours each way. I was sitting in traffic and I said, Theres got to be a better way, he recalls.
And there was. Luce got his pilots license, then a seaplane rating, and then he bought a Lake Buccaneer to commute to New Yorks Charles Evers seaplane base in the Bronx from Westhampton Airport near his home.
Total commute now? About 35, pleasure-filled minutes each way.
Long considered a rustic get-about airplane for pilots living in remote corners of the globe, sea planes also find every day usage in urban and suburban areas where flying from water is just more convenient than launching from a local airport.

When Queens, New York native Joe Oppedisano, whose house sits on the water between the Throgs Neck and Whitestone Bridges, learned to fly in 1990, the closest GA airport was an hour away, too far for easy access to the sky.
I got my seaplane rating, then bought [this] property on the water, then built a hangar on the water, Oppedisano, a restaurant owner, says. Now he flies a Lake Renegade Seafury, which is hangared beneath his house.
Oppedisanos home sits within the floor limit of the New York Class B, so to depart VFR, he simply taxis the airplane on the water until hes east of the Throgs Neck bridge, and departs.
You got two airplanes; youve got the best of both worlds, he said.
A Seaplane In Your Future?
You get addicted to seaplanes, says Paul Furnèe, a Lake amphibious aircraft dealer in Winter Haven, Florida. It gives you a tremendously greater sense of freedom and mobility than a land plane.
[A seaplane] takes people places where they wouldnt normally go, where the average pilot wont be able to go, says Dianne Dempster, of Seattle, Washington, who frequently heads to the boonies with husband Bob in their Piper Super Cub on floats.
Its hard to argue: compare the amount of water covering the earths surface with the area covered by runways and landing strips, and the world of land aircraft begins to look confining.
The water landing spots do tend to have a lot more resorts to go to, notes Joe Birkemeyer, of Richmond, Wisconsin, GM of Baumann Floats. With a land airplane, theres not many places you can go without calling a cab and all that rigmarole. With a float plane you just pull up to the dock and, Were here, lets have some fun!
So forget everything youve heard about seaplanes being just for wilderness adventure and consider the utility. Given where you fly and where you want to fly, could a seaplane be in your future? Lets give it some careful consideration.
The Most Basic Decision
A new generation of general aviation pilot and of aircraft and equipment is putting a modern twist on the seaplane story. Todays aquatic aviator could be commuting to work in a seaplane, or carting the family to the weekend home
in a garden variety Cessna transformed by the installation of recently certified amphibious floats.
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Boats or Floats
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Seaplanes come in two varieties: those that operate on floats, or pontoons (float planes), and those whose hulls are designed to land in the water (flying boats). The major difference between the two is their maneuverability on the water.
Surface operations are the most demanding part of operating any seaplane; they have no brakes, and pilots have to deal with winds, currents and tides while moving on the water.
A monohull, or flying boat, can handle some seas and crosswinds better than a float plane, which has a higher center of gravity. However, a flying boat complicates shore operations; the low wing makes it impossible to tie up to a dock to board or exit the aircraft. Thus, flying boats are typically moored at a buoy or taxied up to a beach.
A floatplane, on the other hand, can easily moor at a dock, making loading and unloading easy. Consider the docking and beaching facilities youll be dealing with in choosing what kind of seaplane suits your needs best. |
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The most basic decision is between an aircraft that can operate solely on water, on straight floats, or one that can operate on both water and land, which requires an aircraft equipped with amphib floats, or an amphibious flying boat.
If you want to go long distances in a hurry, and not worry about fuel stops, then a float plane probably is not for you. Its a challenge to find fuel and facilities, notes Michael Volk, president of the Seaplane Pilots Association (SPA) in Lakeland, Florida.
In several regions (Florida, the Pacific Northwest, Maine and the northern tier states of the Midwest) theres enough water and seaplane facilities and services to make straight floats a viable option for many pilots. Yet even here, the ability to operate from land as well as water adds real utility to an aircraft.
Amphibs open the door to pretty much everything, says Baumann Floats Birkemeyer. Baumann recently certified amphibious floats for the Cessna 172, which Birkemeyer has installed in place of the straight floats that were formerly on his plane.
Its like having a totally different airplane, he says. When I had straight floats, I only had a couple of destinations. Now I can go anywhere, from grass strips to asphalt to water.
In other regions of the country, a shortage of seaplane bases, fuel or other services almost demands an amphibious aircraft, if only so you can land where fuel is readily available.
Its pretty much required to have an amphibian these days, notes Todd Banks, GM of Seattles Kenmore Air, which provides seaplane training and scheduled seaplane service in the Seattle region, and owns Edo Floats.
New Floats, New Planes
The seaplane industry has been developing amphibious floats for a growing list of aircraft makes and models.
In addition to C-172s, in recent years amphib floats have been certified for Maules, Aviat Huskys and Piper Super Cubs. The C-180, C-182, C-185 and C-206 also have certified amphibious floats.
One company, Aerocet, now makes composite amphib floats that minimize corrosion, particularly important if you frequent salt water destinations. Manufacturers say more new floats are on the way.
One drawback everyone hopes to address is the extra weight of amphib floats, which reduces useful loads.
In addition to floats, new seagoing air-crafts have also sparked renewed interest in water. Kit aircraft like the Sea Ray, GlaStar, Bush Hawk XP and Kit Fox are all offering airplanes on floats, often providing superior performance thanks to new powerplants and materials.
With the advent of composites, now were able to do things with shapes and improve performance, because we can make any kind of a compound into an aerodynamic shape, says Richard Silva, developer of the Seawind, a flying boat design that cruises at about 200 miles per hour and is made of composite carbon material impervious to the corrosive effects of salt water.
The Seawind began life as a Kit airplane, and is now expected to receive certification next year and begin deliveries in 2006.
Theres quite a lot of new planes coming onto the market, and its an indication of the way things are going, says Margaret Jackson, owner of the Lake Ida Beach Resort in Winter Haven, Florida, and a seaplane booster who organizes monthly splash ins.
I think there will be more and more people getting into seaplane flying, she notes.
Water Obstacles
Given the benefits, why arent more pilots taking to the water? The biggest problem is that seaplanes are off the radar screen of most pilots.
Seaplanes generally arent something that enters the mindset of the average pilot, observes Furnèe. Thats not surprising given the small numbers of seagoing planes and pilots. The SPA estimates there are about 5,000 seaplanes and about an equal number of active seaplane pilots. And theyre not prone to proselytize.
Seaplane pilots arent out there talking about themselves because they dont spend a lot of time in civilization, Dempster says. They like to get away.
In fact, many of the old school float flyers never come near an airport, traveling from homes on lakes to equally isolated destinations. The airport, which typically brings pilots together, is not a home base for the typical sea pilot, putting him or her out of view for much of the land-based pilot community.
The rating itself, however, is pretty easy to obtain. Some 35-40 facilities around the country offer seaplane training. The SPA has a directory that lists training facilities and a wealth of other information on seaplane bases and operations.
The rating typically requires five to ten hours of instruction and about an equal number of hours of study.
Students learn how to taxi on water, takeoff and landing techniques, and most challenging of all, shore ops, the docking, ramping and mooring skills by which seaplane pilots judge each other. With no brakes and the constant push of winds and current, getting the craft where the pilot wants it can be a real accomplishment.
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Fly a seaplane? Share your flying tips with other pilots. Visit our Stuck Mic. |
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In general its the easiest FAA rating, and the most fun by far, says Furnèe. Theres no written test.
But becoming a serious seaplane pilot is more daunting. The opportunities to rent seaplanes once a pilot is rated are almost non-existent, due to restrictive insurance policies.
That almost mandates that active seaplane pilots have their own planes, a proposition thats decidedly more expensive than owning an equivalent land aircraft.
Straight floats can cost tens of thousands of dollars, and amphibious floats can cost many thousands more. And operating and maintenance costs can be higher for seaplanes, as well.
But balance the added costs with the value of an aircraft that allows you to operate on almost any surface, and youve got what many consider a bargain. When you open pilots eyes to what they can do with these things, they generally buy one, says Furnèe.
Insurance: Keeping Covered
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Insurance for seaplanes is more expensive than for land planes. Whereas premiums to insure a land plane may be one to two percent of hull value, the figure may be 3.5 to five percent for a seaplane.
Underwriters feel the exposure of water flying is greater than the exposure on wheels, explains Michael Sherrard, an insurance broker with Hayes, Utley & Hedgspeth in Louisville, Kentucky. Seaplane pilots are flying somewhat into the unknown a lot of times.
However, experts say there are ways for seaplane pilots to reduce their premiums.
The first step is to get a seaplane rating before buying insurance. A lot of people dont, says
Ken Brice, president of Falcon Insurance Company of Florida. They get the airplane and then get
the seaplane rating. That makes a difference in insurance costs.
Completing the FAAs Sea Wings program also can bring down insurance costs. At least one carrier reduces rates 5% for course grads. A plane on straight floats will be less expensive to insure than an amphib. If you forget to retract the wheels for a water landing, the aircraft is likely to be a total loss.
The more information you can give the broker about your planned flying, the better price the agent can likely get. For example, if you know youre only going to operate on bays, rivers and lakes as opposed to the ocean, you may be able to get a lower quote, because youre eliminating an area of operation insurers consider hazardous.
At least one underwriter wont insure seaplanes operated on open water.
Finally, build up your hours. Insurers say once pilots have logged 400-500 hours of accident-free seaplane operations, they can expect to see their rates decline.
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